Kaymer posted consecutive rounds of 65 en route to an eight-stroke victory in the 2014 U.S. Open at Pinehurst Resort & Country Club's Course No. 2, making him the first player from continental Europe to win the championship. He also won the 2014 Players Championship, 2010 PGA Championship and climbed to No. 1 in the Official World Golf Ranking for eight weeks early in 2011. Eleven of his 23 worldwide wins have come on the European Tour. Kaymer represented Germany in the 2004 World Amateur Team Championship and was a member of the 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 European Ryder Cup Teams. In the 2012 Ryder Cup Matches at Medinah C.C. outside Chicago, Kaymer holed a Cup-clinching putt to secure Europe's come-from-behind victory.
U.S. Open Record
| Year | Site | Scores | To Par | Finish |
| 2020 | Winged Foot Golf Club (West Course) | 71-76 | +7 | MC |
| 2019 | Pebble Beach Golf Links | 69-75-71-70--285 | +1 | T-35 |
| 2018 | Shinnecock Hills Golf Club | 83-75 | +18 | MC |
| 2017 | Erin Hills | 72-69-75-73--289 | +1 | T-35 |
| 2016 | Oakmont Country Club | 73-73-72-71--289 | +9 | T-37 |
| 2015 | Chambers Bay | 72-74 | +6 | MC |
| 2014 | Pinehurst Resort & C.C. (Course No. 2) | 65-65-72-69--271 | -9 | Win |
| 2013 | Merion Golf Club | 76-72-77-74--299 | +19 | T-59 |
| 2012 | The Olympic Club | 74-71-69-72--286 | +6 | T-15 |
| 2011 | Congressional Country Club | 74-70-72-71--287 | +3 | T-39 |
| 2010 | Pebble Beach Golf Links | 74-71-72-72--289 | +5 | T-8 |
| 2009 | Bethpage State Park (Black Course) | 76-69 | +5 | MC |
| 2008 | Torrey Pines (South Course) | 75-70-73-77--295 | +11 | T-53 |