Rose broke through to win the 2013 U.S. Open at Merion Golf Club for his first major title. In the summer of 2016, he made history again by becoming golf's first Olympic gold medalist in 112 years as he edged Henrik Stenson by two strokes in Rio de Janeiro. Rose was 17 when he made his major championship debut in 1998 in The Open Championship at Royal Birkdale, tying for fourth place thanks to a dramatic pitch-in on the 72nd hole. He owns 24 worldwide wins, 10 of which have come on the PGA Tour, most recently the 2019 Farmers Insurance Open at Torrey Pines, site of the 2021 U.S. Open. That victory also came as the world's No. 1 player in the Official World Golf Ranking. He represented Great Britain and Ireland in the 1997 Walker Cup. He also has been a member of five European Ryder Cup teams.
| Year | Site | Scores | To Par | Finish |
| 2021 | Torrey Pines Golf Course (South Course) | 78-77 | +13 | MC |
| 2020 | Winged Foot Golf Club (West Course) | 73-77 | +10 | MC |
| 2019 | Pebble Beach Golf Links | 65-70-68-74--277 | -7 | T-3 |
| 2018 | Shinnecock Hills Golf Club | 71-70-73-73--287 | +7 | T-10 |
| 2017 | Erin Hills | 72-74 | +2 | MC |
| 2016 | Oakmont Country Club | 72-76 | +8 | MC |
| 2015 | Chambers Bay | 72-70-72-71--285 | +5 | T-27 |
| 2014 | Pinehurst Resort & C.C. (Course No. 2) | 72-69-70-72--283 | +3 | T-12 |
| 2013 | Merion Golf Club (East Course) | 71-69-71-70--281 | +1 | Win |
| 2012 | The Olympic Club (Lake Course) | 69-75-71-72--287 | +7 | T-21 |
| 2011 | Congressional Country Club (Blue Course) | 74-73 | +5 | MC |
| 2009 | Bethpage State Park (Black Course) | 73-75 | +8 | MC |
| 2008 | Torrey Pines (South Course) | 79-72 | +9 | MC |
| 2007 | Oakmont Country Club | 71-71-73-76--291 | +11 | T-10 |
| 2004 | Shinnecock Hills Golf Club | 77-78 | +15 | MC |
| 2003 | Olympia Fields Country Club (North Course) | 70-71-70-69--280 | E | T-5 |